The papers accepted for presentation in the impending One Day National Seminar organized by Dept. of Political Science at Govt. Brennen College
INFLUENCE OF
SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN OF INDIAN POLITICAL PARTIES
Aleena Thomas
Research
Scholar
Department of
International Relations
Central
University Kerala
Kasaragod.
Social media has become an
increasingly significant part of daily lives; it has also become a growing
aspect of political campaigns. The first notable use of social media to rally
the voting community was during the 2008 Presidential election, when the Obama
campaign took to the web to draw out the young vote. Since then, the number of
individuals using social media has enhanced, and growing with it is the amount
of people who use such venues to publicize their political views. From tweets
and Face book updates to YouTube videos and petitions, social media has become
a power tool not only for official campaign teams but also for supporters. A
recent report released by the Internet and Mobile Association of India and IRIS
Knowledge Foundation has revealed that of India’s 543 constituencies, 160 can
be termed as ‘high impact’ — that is, they will most likely be influenced by
social media in the next general elections. The BharatiyaJanata Party (BJP) has
been the first national political party to have embraced technology to reach
out to voters. India’s other big national political party, the Congress, and also
the AamAdmi Party use this way for their campaign. During this time, to ensure
decorum in online election campaigning, the Election Commission of India (ECI)
will monitor the content that political parties and candidates post on the
internet and social media websites for any violation of electoral laws and
model code of conduct. The political communication is easier on this way but we
must check it out due to huge money was being spent on using social media as
the medium of campaign. So this paper tries to analyse how far the social media
campaign effective in this new era political communication in India.
Key Words: social media, political
communication
GREEN DIMENSIONS OF PARTY SYSTEM IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND WAY AHEAD IN
THE CONTEXT OF EMERGING ‘NEW POLITICS’
Biveesh.U.C
Assistant Professor,
Department of Political
Science,
Govt. College Kattappana.
The
rise of environmental politics in the ‘new politics’ of industrialized societies
is an ongoing debate in contemporary political science. The ‘old politics’ focused on stable
political cleavages and differences based on class, religion or regional
divisions, of which the left-right pattern of partisan alignment is pre-eminent
(Lipset and Rokkan 1967). In such a system, political participation is
comparatively low; for most people it extends no further than voting in
elections. Those citizens who are more active generally join movements such as
trade unions or political parties, which pursue economic and political rights
that will enhance the interests of their class only. Since the late 1960’s,
there was a fundamental change in the values and forms of political activity in
these industrialized nations. It is transforming
the issues that dominate the political agenda and creating new political
cleavages which are contributing to a realignment of long established party
systems-the ‘new politics’ (Inglehart 1990, Dalton 2006). The three notable
manifestations of the ‘new politics’, firstly the emergence of New Social
Movements (NSMs) secondly, the emergence of a ‘new middle class’, of educated,
professional service workers and finally a growing minority of citizens holds a
set of post material values emphasizing equal rights, environmental quality and
alternative lifestyles, which challenge the old materialist concerns of
economic and physical security are directly or indirectly paved the way for
‘Green Politics’ and green parties formation. In short, a ‘new politics’
account would interpret environmentalism as one element of a wider structural
and cultural transformation of contemporary politics.
The uneasy relationship between
ecological concerns and democracy is a central issue in Green political theory.
In India, the state has been a major actor in dispossessing the poor of their
land through its own development projects, and in disrupting their livelihoods.
At the same time, the state has been active in tilting the economy in favour of
industry and modern intensive agriculture. The result is, state policies are turning
‘ecosystem people’ into ‘ecological refugees’. The liberalization of India’s
economy since the mid 1980’s, accelerated these trends, and has promoted the
rapid growth of the ‘new middle classes’. The result is both widening
inequality and environmental degradation. The democratic state can’t and will
not work in the interests of environmental justice, as it represents the
interests of a powerful fraction of its population who are successfully passing
on the costs of their environmentally degrading lifestyles to the poor, while
gobbling up the material benefits of highly unequal growth. The situation
therefore demands the necessity of emergence of an effective green politics and
green party system in the country. The reasons for the conspicuous absence and
challenges faced by the major political parties in India to accommodate the
agenda of ‘new politics’ based on eco-political realities are central themes of
this paper.
Keywords: New Politics, Green Politics,
Environmental Justice, Green Party.
ROLE OF
MEDIA IN ELECTIONS
Dr. Ved Pal Singh Deswal
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law
M. D. University Rohtak-124001 (Haryana)
The media is the fourth estate of our
nation. It is also called lifeline of a nation. It provides not only
information on the issues which may
affect the normal human being in his day-to-day functioning, but also by other
features that keep the citizens informed of developments at national and
international level. India is the largest democracy in the world and media has been playing a key role in ensuring free
and fair elections in India. Media plays an important role in informing the
people of qualities of the candidate who is there as a contestant candidate in
election (whether in Panchyat, MLA or Member of Parliament).
Though there are no specific laws or regulations governing media activities during elections especially during campaigning, the Election Commission of India has been issuing guidelines from time to time to prevent the media from influencing voters for the wrong reasons. Some of them are as follows
There should be no coverage of
any election speeches or other material that incites violence, against one
religion, against one language, against one group etc.
In any constituency, only
one candidate should not be projected. All the candidates should be covered in
any reports from a constituency.
The following could be
covered in a balanced and fair manner:-
Campaigning and excerpts from campaign speeches.
Symbols, banners, flags and other campaign materials of
parties.
Results of opinion polls by non-political, professional
organisations with a proven track
record.
Party manifestoes.
Candidates and their views in different constituencies across
the country.
The positions taken by the main parties on different issues
important to the electorate.
Debates between major parties and candidates.
Analysis of previous voting patterns, victory margins, swings
etc.
In conclusion we can say that media
is the image of the society. The media in India has a glorious tradition of
safeguarding the democratic rights of the citizens by exposing all kinds of
injustices and inequities by playing the role as a watchdog of democracy. We
can also help the media by reporting the matters of social concern. During
elections we should be more vigilant about the future of politics by selecting
the candidate of good repute, educated and the spirit of social worker, then
only we will be able to contribute in our democracy.
Key Words: Democracy, election, information, media and
opinion.
NOTA and national
parties in India: Comparing the positions of Congress, BJP and CPM
Anandakumar.S
Anandakumar .S is a
research student at Kerala University.
Despite being a vibrant
democracy that is based on a well drafted constitution, the political sphere
presents a dismal picture in many aspects. As citizens, many of our educated do
not even vote, thereby do not fulfill the basic duty of exercising choice in a
democracy to give legitimacy to the elected representatives. We have not
learned to rise beyond caste, class, communal, regional and linguistic
considerations to choose the deserving contestants to represent us. This
reflects in the degradation of legislative debates, discussions, morals and
ethics in politics.
It is in this juncture,
the concept of negative voting has emerged in the political and academic
circles for discussion. Negative voting is any voting system that allows many
voters to express formal displeasure simultaneously in a system where they all
share some power unlike most voting systems, it requires that only negative
measures or choices be presented to the voter. The negative voting is intended
to put moral pressure on political parties not to put forward candidates with
undesirable records ie criminals, corrupt elements and person with unsavory
background. Now the concept has become a reality by way of a Supreme Court
judgment. The judgment has led to mixed reactions. The national parties
protested initially against the Supreme Court judgment without understanding
the impact of NOTA.
This paper discusses
the ideological position of major political parties, especially Congress, BJP
and CPM and how their current approach towards NOTA affects their political
space in the elections. Since negative voting is a new concept in India,
especially in the coming assembly elections, the paper focuses in detail about
negative voting, its long term impact on Indian politics with special reference
to the coming assembly election. It also mentions about negative voting in
other countries and what makes Indian negative voting a peculiar one. The value
of negative voting differs from country to country. This is an attempt to find
out the values which negative voting is going to bring in Indian electoral
politics and how far it can prevent criminalization of politics and to what
extend it help in the holistic view of electoral reforms.
WHOLE Vs PARTS : THE IMPACT OF
REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES AND COALITION
POLITICS ON INDIA’S
FEDERALISM
Stefy V Joseph
Phd
student
Center
for South Asian Studies
UMISARC,Pondicherry
university
India adopted a federal design to weave a nation out
of its diversities and to combine democracy and regional diversity in a
multicultural and multi religious society. In the early decades of independence,
India’s federal system exhibited strong centralizing tendencies with a one party
dominated rule by the Indian National Congress. In the recent decades, the
shift from a one party dominant system to a multiparty system at the national
level has had serious implications on the working of Indian federalism. The
rise of regional parties and the resultant coalition governments at the centre
has significantly changed the nature of Indian federalism.
With the emergence of regional parties at the cost of
national parties, coalition government at the national level has become
inevitable. Regional parties have become more assertive on government decisions
regarding the states they represent. They can voice their concerns when they
sense that the Union Government is out of sync with the regional realities. The
increased influence of regional parties at the national level has considerably
reduced the centralizing tendencies of Indian federal structure.
When regional parties exploit various issues to attain
their political goals, they deviate from the federal spirit of the country.
Secessionist tendencies creep in when regional parties uphold parochial
interests for electoral gains, which is a serious threat to the sustenance of
India’s federal structure. It is high time that both the national and regional
parties picked up from their experiences and worked together towards the unity
and integrity of the nation.
Regional parties
have even been influencing the foreign policy decision, which is considered to
be a prerogative of the Union Government.
The Teesta water sharing treaty between India and Bangladesh had to be shelved due
to the West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee’s opposition to the treaty.
Similarly, Tamil Nadu based political parties’ aggressive stance on Srilanka
has created disturbances in India Srilanka relations.
This paper attempts to analyze the increased influence
of regional parties on Union government’s decisions and policies and its impact
on the functioning of Indian federalism.
Keywords:
Federalism, Coalition Politics, Regional Parties, Foreign policy, National
interest.
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